«Endavant, catalans!»
Volunteers from Catalonia for the war in Africa (1859-1860)
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Abstract
After continuous border clashes between the Riffian tribes from the outskirts of the Spanish city of Ceuta and its garrison and an unsuccessful diplomatic attempt to redirect the situation, the Government of Spain declared war to Morocco on October 22nd, 1859. Immediately, the Spanish Army sent an expedition of more than 40,000 men to North Africa, being 466 of them civilian volunteers from Catalonia. Of course, these four hundred-odd men were not the only Catalans who participated in the war, as many others integrated the expeditionary force, but they certainly were the only ones who fought wearing the traditional barretina, as they were folklorically uniformed by the Diputación de Barcelona. In any case, this force was organized and sent to Africa, with the approval of an enthusiastic and exalted people of Catalonia, in an attempt of the Catalan liberal society to ingratiate themselves with the Madrilian Government, defining themselves at one time as Catalans and Spanish patriots.
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